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冬季低温寡照对温室大棚灾害的专业防御措施
1.完善温室大棚内基础设施
1. Improve the infrastructure in the greenhouse
①温室大棚内部设置补光灯。低温寡照的致灾机制，一是室温低， 二是无光照。温室内设置补光灯可有效缓解这些致灾因素对蔬菜的威胁。补光灯选用白炽灯泡，功率-般为1000瓦，间隔10米放置1盏，视光照和室温情况决定开关时间，增加光照，提高室温，每日开4小时，室温可提高2℃~3℃。
① The interior of the greenhouse is equipped with light compensating lamps. The disaster mechanism of low temperature and low illumination is low room temperature and no illumination. The light supplement lamp in greenhouse can effectively alleviate the threat of these disaster factors to vegetables. The make-up lamp is made of incandescent bulb, with a power of 1000 watts. One lamp is placed at an interval of 10 meters. The switching time is determined by the lighting and room temperature. The room temperature can be increased by 2 ℃ ~ 3 ℃ by increasing the lighting and room temperature for 4 hours a day.
②合理覆盖保温材料。温室夜间最低气温降至15℃时，应及时增加保温覆盖物。温室大棚保温覆盖物一般都采用草苫、棉被，现有卷帘机，操作比较方便。同时草苫或者棉被上面要加盖一层塑料膜或者彩条布，为了防止草苫、棉被被雨打湿，降低保温效果，同时便于清除积雪。草苫上的塑料薄膜以采用黑白双色膜为宜，黑面朝上，在阳光下积雪融化快，易从膜上滑下，便于清除积雪，但寒冷地区宜采用彩条布，可防止塑料薄膜冻硬破损。棚膜上覆盖的草苫要有一定厚度，增加温室保温性能。
② Cover the insulation materials reasonably. When the minimum temperature of greenhouse at night drops to 15 ℃, the thermal insulation cover should be added in time. Generally, the thermal insulation cover of greenhouse adopts straw cover and quilt. The existing rolling machine is convenient for operation. At the same time, a layer of plastic film or color strip cloth shall be covered on the straw or quilt to prevent the straw or quilt from being wet by rain, reduce the heat preservation effect, and facilitate the removal of snow. The black-and-white two-color film is suitable for the plastic film on the straw cover, with the black side facing up. Under the sun, the snow melts quickly, and it is easy to slide down from the film, so it is convenient to remove the snow. However, the color strip cloth is suitable for the cold area, which can prevent the plastic film from freezing hard damage. The straw cover on the greenhouse film shall have a certain thickness to increase the heat preservation performance of the greenhouse.
③温室后墙张挂反光膜。冬季在距温室大棚后墙5厘米处张挂1米左 右宽的镀铝镜面反光膜，可使膜前3米内的光照度增加9% ~ 40%，气温增加1℃ ~3℃，10厘米地温提高0.7℃~1.9℃，显著改善栽培畦中北部作物的光、温条件。
③ The back wall of the greenhouse is hung with reflective film. In winter, the light intensity in the first three meters of the film can be increased by 9% - 40%, the air temperature can be increased by 1 ℃ ~ 3 ℃, the ground temperature of 10 cm can be increased by 0.7 ℃ ~ 1.9 ℃, and the light and temperature conditions of crops in the North of the cultivation border can be significantly improved.
④选用优质薄膜。提高温室大棚室顶薄膜的透光度是抵御低温寡照的根本措施。选择聚氯乙烯无滴防老化或醋酸乙烯高保温无滴防老化棚膜，最好具备防雾功能，以保障冬季喜温蔬菜安全生 产。及时清扫棚膜上的灰尘、积雪等，可增强光照提高棚温。
④ Select high quality film. To improve the light transmittance of the film on the top of the greenhouse is the basic measure to resist the low temperature and lack of light. Choose PVC anti-aging film or vinyl acetate high insulation anti-aging film, it is better to have anti fog function to ensure the safe production of warm vegetables in winter. Timely cleaning the dust and snow on the shed film can enhance the illumination and raise the shed temperature.
1. Improve the infrastructure in the greenhouse
①温室大棚内部设置补光灯。低温寡照的致灾机制，一是室温低， 二是无光照。温室内设置补光灯可有效缓解这些致灾因素对蔬菜的威胁。补光灯选用白炽灯泡，功率-般为1000瓦，间隔10米放置1盏，视光照和室温情况决定开关时间，增加光照，提高室温，每日开4小时，室温可提高2℃~3℃。
① The interior of the greenhouse is equipped with light compensating lamps. The disaster mechanism of low temperature and low illumination is low room temperature and no illumination. The light supplement lamp in greenhouse can effectively alleviate the threat of these disaster factors to vegetables. The make-up lamp is made of incandescent bulb, with a power of 1000 watts. One lamp is placed at an interval of 10 meters. The switching time is determined by the lighting and room temperature. The room temperature can be increased by 2 ℃ ~ 3 ℃ by increasing the lighting and room temperature for 4 hours a day.
②合理覆盖保温材料。温室夜间最低气温降至15℃时，应及时增加保温覆盖物。温室大棚保温覆盖物一般都采用草苫、棉被，现有卷帘机，操作比较方便。同时草苫或者棉被上面要加盖一层塑料膜或者彩条布，为了防止草苫、棉被被雨打湿，降低保温效果，同时便于清除积雪。草苫上的塑料薄膜以采用黑白双色膜为宜，黑面朝上，在阳光下积雪融化快，易从膜上滑下，便于清除积雪，但寒冷地区宜采用彩条布，可防止塑料薄膜冻硬破损。棚膜上覆盖的草苫要有一定厚度，增加温室保温性能。
② Cover the insulation materials reasonably. When the minimum temperature of greenhouse at night drops to 15 ℃, the thermal insulation cover should be added in time. Generally, the thermal insulation cover of greenhouse adopts straw cover and quilt. The existing rolling machine is convenient for operation. At the same time, a layer of plastic film or color strip cloth shall be covered on the straw or quilt to prevent the straw or quilt from being wet by rain, reduce the heat preservation effect, and facilitate the removal of snow. The black-and-white two-color film is suitable for the plastic film on the straw cover, with the black side facing up. Under the sun, the snow melts quickly, and it is easy to slide down from the film, so it is convenient to remove the snow. However, the color strip cloth is suitable for the cold area, which can prevent the plastic film from freezing hard damage. The straw cover on the greenhouse film shall have a certain thickness to increase the heat preservation performance of the greenhouse.
③温室后墙张挂反光膜。冬季在距温室大棚后墙5厘米处张挂1米左 右宽的镀铝镜面反光膜，可使膜前3米内的光照度增加9% ~ 40%，气温增加1℃ ~3℃，10厘米地温提高0.7℃~1.9℃，显著改善栽培畦中北部作物的光、温条件。
③ The back wall of the greenhouse is hung with reflective film. In winter, the light intensity in the first three meters of the film can be increased by 9% - 40%, the air temperature can be increased by 1 ℃ ~ 3 ℃, the ground temperature of 10 cm can be increased by 0.7 ℃ ~ 1.9 ℃, and the light and temperature conditions of crops in the North of the cultivation border can be significantly improved.
④选用优质薄膜。提高温室大棚室顶薄膜的透光度是抵御低温寡照的根本措施。选择聚氯乙烯无滴防老化或醋酸乙烯高保温无滴防老化棚膜，最好具备防雾功能，以保障冬季喜温蔬菜安全生 产。及时清扫棚膜上的灰尘、积雪等，可增强光照提高棚温。
④ Select high quality film. To improve the light transmittance of the film on the top of the greenhouse is the basic measure to resist the low temperature and lack of light. Choose PVC anti-aging film or vinyl acetate high insulation anti-aging film, it is better to have anti fog function to ensure the safe production of warm vegetables in winter. Timely cleaning the dust and snow on the shed film can enhance the illumination and raise the shed temperature.
